Nov 4 – 11, 2018 Estin Report: Last Week’s Aspen CO Homes for Sale and Snowmass Real Estate Sales & Stats: Closed (15) + Under Contract / Pending (11).

The October 2018 Aspen Snowmass Village Real Estate Market Snapshot Report was posted in Current Reports on Wed Nov 7, 18.  The Monthly Snapshots are posted on or near the 1st Mon. of every month.

The updated Pace of Sales Charts Q1 2007 – Q3 2018 were posted in Charts on Oct 4th. These answer the question “Where are we now compared to prior periods?” and indicate market direction with trend lines.

Bi-Annual – Estin Report: Aspen Snowmass Real Estate 2018 YTD and 2017 YR

Blog Post: Nov 4 – 11, 2018 Aspen CO real estate market activity, Week 45

Weekly Aspen and Snowmass CO real estate sales activity appears below for sold and under contracts properties in the upper Roaring Fork Valley over $250,000 – for Aspen, Snowmass Village, Brush Cr Village, Woody Creek and Old Snowmass. Fractional sales are not included. Photos and written descriptions of sold properties are posted here as the MLS links below expire after 30 days. For earlier dates, see the Estin Report blog archives starting in 2008 at the bottom of the page. Or use SearchEstinAspen in the menu bar to search by topic, address, subdivision, complex, date, etc.  If it’s about Aspen real estate, the information should be here.

Closed (15):  MLS#s: 45382, 148875, 151532, 151638, 151933, 152264, 152518, 152751, 154540, 154608, 154673, 155359, 155591, 155876, 156114, 145382. This link is valid until 12/11/2018.

Under Contract/Pending (11)MLS#s: 145240, 148593, 149313, 152461, 153134, 154120, 154950, 155980, 156626, 156646, 156658. This link is valid until 12/11/2018.

Sold Properties Last Week:

MLS #154608 – Pitkin Green, Red Mountain, 848 Willoughby Way, Aspen, CO: Sold Price: $14,675,000. More details below photos.

MLS #154608 – Pitkin Green, Red Mountain, 848 Willoughby Way, Aspen, CO: Sold Price: $14,675,000. Aspen lots for sale. Ask Price: $15,995,000. (Original Price: $15,995,000 and 148 days on the market since 06/13/2018. Seller paid $12.1M on 4/17/18. Put it back on market on 6/13/18 at $15.995M. (Gross return +21% in 7 months.) See Flip Jobs Section.) This is a 1.06 acres single family vacant lot. Broker comments are “The perfect combination of privacy with a gently sloping lot that opens up to huge views of Aspen Mountain, Independence Pass, Aspen Highlands and Tiehack. The existing three bedroom home was thoughtfully designed and beautifully maintained – the perfect landing spot while you design your future Red Mountain retreat for this property. Easy access to the Rio Grande trail and the Roaring Fork River below. The property has a small pond and a water right to allow for a great water feature to be incorporated into a future home design. Prime location on Willoughby Way, potential to build a new home over 10,000 square feet and a rare opportunity to create a lasting Aspen legacy property.” 2017 taxes: $13,231; HOA Dues: $725 per Qtr. Under Contract Date: 10/06/2018; Sold Date: 11/08/2018. (Photos and broker comments courtesy of Aspen Snowmass Sotheby’s International Realty-Hyman Mall)

MLS #151638 – Knollwood, East Aspen, 39 Roaring Fork Drive, Aspen, CO: Sold Price: $5,100,000/$1,063 sq ft; furnished. More details below photos.

MLS #151638 – Knollwood, East Aspen, 39 Roaring Fork Drive, Aspen, CO: Sold Price: $5,100,000/$1,063 sq ft; furnished. Aspen homes for sale. Ask Price: $5,495,000. (Original Price: $6,295,000 and 425 days on the market since 09/21/2017. Seller paid $1.6M as a lot sale (teardown home) on 10/29/14, redeveloped extensively as a spec project and re-listed at $6.65M on 09/27/17. The property will be entered into the Flip Jobs Section this week.) This is a 1950 built and 2017 remodeled, 6 bedroom /6 bath/1 half-bath, 4,794 sq ft single family home with 2 car garage on a 18,579 sq ft lot. Broker comments are “A breath-taking mountain home located in the peaceful east end, and just a 1.25 mile walk to the downtown Aspen core. Fully renovated in 2017 with a contemporary flair, the living spaces have been thoughtfully designed to capture an abundance of natural light and mountain views. Complete with an over-sized and heated 2-car garage, a mudroom, 2 laundry rooms, and plenty of storage throughout make this a wonderful and livable home. Lower level has a second living room complete with Sauna, 2 bedrooms and 2 full baths and a full laundry area off of a catering kitchen. Large patios, full snowmelt, sauna, steam, multiple wet bars, entertainment room, gym make this a perfect home for relaxation and entertaining.” 2016 taxes: $6,712. City of Aspen RETT Transfer Tax of approx. 1.5% payable by buyer. Under Contract Date: 10/01/2018; Sold Date: 11/07/2018. (Photos and broker comments courtesy of Aspen Snowmass Sotheby’s International Realty – Durant)

MLS #148875 – Mountain Valley, East Aspen, 234 Mountain Laurel Drive, Aspen, CO: Older home sold at lot value. Sold Price: $2,450,000/$958 sq ft; unfurnished. More details below photos.

MLS #148875 – Mountain Valley, East Aspen, 234 Mountain Laurel Drive, Aspen, CO: Older home sold at lot value. Sold Price: $2,450,000/$958 sq ft; unfurnished. Aspen homes for sale. Ask Price: $2,750,000. (Original Price: $3,200,000 and 911 days on the market since 04/18/2016.) This is a 1969 built and 2008 remodeled, 4 bedroom/3 bath, 2,555 sq ft single family home with 2 car garage on a 22,356 sq ft lot. Broker comments are “This is one of the premier south facing lots in Mountain Valley with the potential to add approximately 2600 additional sqft. Or, build a brand new house with 4468 allowable above grade FAR and a total gross sqft of 5750, (and, potentially more with the purchase of a TDR). The 4-bedroom single family home has been impeccably maintained and includes a separate office, open and bright living room, 2-car garage, and landscaped yard with sprinkler system. The large outdoor deck is perfect for entertaining and has expansive views of Aspen Mountain and Independence Pass. The property is in the Aspen School District and is ready for move in for the upcoming school year. Dial-a-ride allows for easy access to and from town. Also easy to walk or bike to town on the trail system. No transfer tax.” 2017 taxes: $4,447; HOA Dues: $200 per Yr. Under Contract Date: 09/08/2018; Sold Date: 11/08/2018. (Photos and broker comments courtesy of Douglas Elliman Real Estate-Durant)

MLS #151532 – Capitol Creek, 6801 Capitol Creek Road, Snowmass, CO: Off-the-Grid Living. Sold Price: $2,200,000/$867 sq ft. More details below photos.

MLS #151532 – Capitol Creek, 6801 Capitol Creek Road, Snowmass, CO: Off-the-Grid Living. Sold Price: $2,200,000/$867 sq ft. Old Snowmass homes for sale. Ask Price: $2,500,000. (Original Price: $2,500,000 and 370 days on the market since 10/25/2017.) This is a 2002 built, 2 bedroom/2 bath, 2,535 sq ft single family home on a 152 acres lot. Broker comments are “Peaceful retreat comprises 152 acres in-holding located within the 2.3 million-acre White River National Forest in Old Snowmass. Acres of pristine aspen, spruce & pine woodlands, high-mountain meadows with wildflowers, 4.5-acre lake, East Sopris Creek runs through the property of this a high-mountain forest paradise. The scenic property has senior riparian water rights, solar power, and a total of 14,000 square feet of development rights fully entitled in perpetuity (7,500 square feet for residential & 6,500 square feet for agricultural structures). 3,600-square foot, 2 story barn, that doubles as a garage and storage space.The home has western views of Mount Sopris, panoramic woodland views of the Roaring Fork Valley. Offering trails right out the front door for hiking,snowshoeing, and horseback riding.” 2017 taxes: $15,745. Under Contract Date: 09/11/2018; Sold Date: 11/08/2018. (Photos and broker comments courtesy of Coldwell Banker Mason Morse-Aspen)

MLS #155359 – Little Elk Creek, 0154 Little Elk Creek Avenue, Snowmass, CO: Sold Price: $849,000/$333 sq ft; unfurnished. More details below photos.

MLS #155359 – Little Elk Creek, 0154 Little Elk Creek Avenue, Snowmass, CO: Sold Price: $849,000/$333 sq ft; unfurnished. Old Snowmass homes for sale. Ask Price: $899,000. (Original Price: $899,000 and 109 days on the market since 07/23/2018.) This is a 1981 built and 2017 remodeled, 3 bedroom/2 bath/1 half-bath, 2,546 sq ft single family home with 2 car garage on a 1.02 acres lot. Broker comments are “Affordable Single Family Home close to Aspen. Flat one acre lot with incredible views of the Elk Mountain Range and surrounding ranches. Plenty of room and good water for two horses. Mature landscaping with tons of Aspen Trees. Easy access to National Forest. Recently updated with new wood floors, brand new roof and garage doors. Great Family home! HOA owns tons of water rights for plenty of irrigation of each lot. Easy to show.” 2017 taxes: $4,093; HOA Dues: $785 per Qtr. Under Contract Date: 10/09/2018; Sold Date: 11/09/2018. (Photos and broker comments courtesy of Engel & Volkers Roaring Fork)

MLS #145382 – Mill Building, Central Core, 201 N Mill Street PHC, Aspen, CO: Sold Price: $5,300,000/$2,650 sq ft; partially furnished. More details below photos.

MLS #145382 – Mill Building, Central Core, 201 N Mill Street PHC, Aspen, CO: Sold Price: $5,300,000/$2,650 sq ft; partially furnished. Aspen condos for sale. Ask Price: $6,500,000. (Original Price: $7,000,000 and 757 days on the market since 07/28/2016.) This is a 2016 built, 3 bedroom/2 bath/1 half-bath, 2,000 sq ft condo with 2 car garage. Tim’s notes: Though marketed as a “Penthouse”, the property is a 2nd floor north east facing, plain vanilla unit with 9 1/2′ ceilings. Its Mill/Bleeker Street location directly behind the Hotel Jerome is distinguished and can’t be beat.)  Broker comments are “Aspen welcomes its most sought luxury offering, The Hotel Jerome Residences at The Mill, four exceptionally designed pied-a-terre residences. Featuring the luxury amenities of the Hotel Jerome. Residence owners will have access to all the services of the Jerome just as if they were a guest at the hotel. Each unit combines impeccable design with cutting edge technology: over 2,000 sq feet of living space, private elevator access and parking, geothermal heating/cooling system, solar generated domestic hot water along with breathtaking views from each unit and a prime location just two blocks from restaurant row. A truly one-of-kind opportunity for fully serviced urban living in Aspen.” 2016 taxes: $17,860; HOA Dues: $1,502 per Month. City of Aspen RETT Transfer Tax of approx. 1.5% payable by buyer. Under Contract Date: 09/24/2018; Sold Date: 11/05/2018. (Photos and broker comments courtesy of Tru Real Estate)

MLS #154673 – Little Nell Condominiums, Central Core, 611 S West End Street #7, Aspen, CO: Sold Price: $2,545,000/$2,127 sq ft; furnished. More details below photos.

MLS #154673 – Little Nell Condominiums, Central Core, 611 S West End Street #7, Aspen, CO: Sold Price: $2,545,000/$2,127 sq ft; furnished. Aspen condos for sale. Ask Price: $2,795,000. (Original Price: $2,795,000 and 150 days on the market since 06/08/2018.) This is a 1968 built and 2013 remodeled, 3 bedroom/2 bath, 1,196 sq ft condo. Broker comments are “The absolute perfect location in the Aspen core yet on a very desirable, quiet side street. This 3-bedroom, 2-bathroom condominium is set on Glory Hole picnic park while only a block from the Little Nell Hotel, the Silver Queen Gondola and the new W Hotel Aspen. Perfectly and efficiently remodeled in 2013 along with the complete renovation of the building of only 11 units. Enjoy your morning coffee or afternoon apres with the sounds of the creek on your private covered deck. Uniquely, no one walks by your entrance or windows which is a rarity in the Core. The large open living, dining and kitchen space was professionally designed with a tasteful stacked stone accent wall, gas fireplace and hidden wine cooler. Offered furnished and move-in ready or for turn-key rentals. Includes a designated parking space, locked gear/ski storage, covered bicycle storage plus a heated boot closet on your private deck.” 2018 taxes: $3,910; HOA Dues: $776 per Month. City of Aspen RETT Transfer Tax of approx. 1.5% payable by buyer. Under Contract Date: 10/08/2018; Sold Date: 11/05/2018. (Photos and broker comments courtesy of Douglas Elliman Real Estate-Hyman Ave)

MLS #152518 – Aspen Townhouse by River, Central Core, 1050 Waters Avenue Unit #13, Aspen, CO: Sold Price: $1,725,000/$2,116 sq ft; furnished. More details below photos.

MLS #152518 – Aspen Townhouse by River, Central Core, 1050 Waters Avenue Unit #13, Aspen, CO: Sold Price: $1,725,000/$2,116 sq ft; furnished. Aspen condos for sale. Ask Price: $1,799,999. (Original Price: $2,050,000 and 275 days on the market since 02/05/2018.) This is a 1972 built and 2016 remodeled, 2 bedroom/1 bath/1 half-bath, 815 sq ft condo. Broker comments are “Recently renovated, this condominium is bright, airy, and modern. Huge windows and high ceilings give way to snow-capped mountain views and a back deck that sits directly on the Roaring Fork river. All-hardwood radiant heat flooring and a wood burning fireplace will keep things warm, while a 130” projector system provides a personal theatrical experience. Two bedrooms, a master with a king sized bed, and a 2nd bedroom/office that has a desk and a queen-sized murphy bed. The kitchen is set up for breakfast bar dining for 3, and an easy fold-out dining room table can be set up to accommodate 6. A second layer of ‘quietrock’ sheet rock on all shared walls and ceiling. Gorgeous Venetian plaster throughout. All new kitchen with Italian made ArcLinea cabinetry, Sub-Zero refrigerator, Miele and GE Monogram appliances, and slab countertops. All new bathrooms with Wetstyle vanities and back-lit mirrors. Master bath has built-in defogging on mirrors as well as a Kohler toilet with bidet. Shower has Kohler water-proof speakers. 7.1 surround sound system and HD Projector in the living room. Smart lighting throughout the home and smart shades in both bedrooms. Master bedroom has closet system by Milano Doors. High end furniture from Crate & Barrel.” 2017 taxes: $3,214; HOA Dues: $712 per Qtr. City of Aspen RETT Transfer Tax of approx. 1.5% payable by buyer. Under Contract Date: 09/28/2018; Sold Date: 11/07/2018. (Photos and broker comments courtesy of Setterfield & Bright)

MLS #155591 – Cottonwood Condos, Central Core, 124 W Hyman Avenue 2-B, Aspen, CO: Sold Price: $1,450,000/$1,394 sq ft; furnished. More details below photos.

MLS #155591 – Cottonwood Condos, Central Core, 124 W Hyman Avenue 2-B, Aspen, CO: Sold Price: $1,450,000/$1,394 sq ft; furnished. Aspen condos for sale. Ask Price: $1,499,000. (Original Price: $1,499,000 and 62 days on the market since 08/08/2018.) This is a 1969 built and 2011 remodeled, 2 bedroom/2 bath, 1,040 sq ft condo. Broker comments are “The Cottonwood Condominium complex is located just 3 blocks from the downtown shops and restaurants of Aspen yet in a quiet neighborhood. This south facing unit enjoys Aspen Mountain views, features a wood burning fireplace and off street parking. The bedrooms are more spacious than many other units on the market right now and are on opposite sides of the unit, offering privacy for you and your guests. Washer and dryer hook-up in unit. This ideally located complex is situated on a lot with a large, grassy yard and mature trees. Offered fully furnished, artwork excluded. Owners may install split A/C system.” 2017 taxes: $2,930; HOA Dues: $2,465 per Qtr. City of Aspen RETT Transfer Tax of approx. 1.5% payable by buyer. Under Contract Date: 09/21/2018; Sold Date: 11/07/2018. (Photos and broker comments courtesy of Whitman Fine Properties)

MLS #154540 – Gant Condominiums, Central Core, 610 S West End Street J203, Aspen, CO: Sold Price: $1,200,000/$1,212 sq ft; furnished. More details below photos.

MLS #154540 – Gant Condominiums, Central Core, 610 S West End Street J203, Aspen, CO: Sold Price: $1,200,000/$1,212 sq ft; furnished. Aspen condos for sale. Ask Price: $1,395,000. (Original Price: $1,395,000 and 146 days on the market since 06/09/2018.) This is a 1972 built and 2006 remodeled, 2 bedroom/2 bath, 990 sq ft condo. Broker comments are “Premier Aspen location. Private and well appointed two bedroom. The picture perfect mountain retreat. Views of Aspen Mountain from your living room and private deck. A short walk to downtown Aspen. Where there is world-class dining, shopping, skiing and nightlife. Access the East Aspen walking and biking path that takes you by Northstar Preserve. Take advantage of all the Gant’s amenities – pools, hot tubs, tennis courts and clubhouse with fitness center – all just steps from your door. On-site management company and a conference center with café more photos and video to come.” 2017 taxes: $2,519; HOA Dues: $26,332 per Yr. City of Aspen RETT Transfer Tax of approx. 1.5% payable by buyer. Under Contract Date: 09/22/2018; Sold Date: 11/02/2018. (Photos and broker comments courtesy of Coldwell Banker Mason Morse-Aspen)

MLS #156114 – Hunter Creek Condos, Smuggler, 423 Vine Street, Aspen, CO: Sold Price: $840,000/$956 sq ft; unfurnished. More details below photos.

MLS #156114 – Hunter Creek Condos, Smuggler, 423 Vine Street, Aspen, CO: Sold Price: $840,000/$956 sq ft; unfurnished. Aspen condos for sale. Ask Price: $850,000. (Original Price: $850,000 and 61 days on the market since 09/05/2018.) This is a 1980 built and 2008 remodeled, 2 bedroom/2 bath, 878 sq ft condo. Broker comments are “Hike Hunter Creek Trail or walk to town from one of the best 2 bedroom 2 baths units available at Hunter Creek Condominiums with South facing views of Aspen Mountain. Come home to the rich walnut floors, modern interior doors, updated kitchen with Sub-Zero refrigerator and steam shower in master bedroom. Complete the lifestyle with 2 tennis courts, swimming pool and Jacuzzi.” 2018 taxes: $1,810; HOA Dues: $4,537. City of Aspen RETT Transfer Tax of approx. 1.5% payable by buyer. Under Contract Date: 09/21/2018; Sold Date: 11/05/2018. (Photos and broker comments courtesy of Coldwell Banker Mason Morse-Aspen)

MLS #152751 – Snowmass Villas Townhomes (aka The Blue Roofs), 4000 Brush Creek Road 16, Snowmass Village, CO: Sold Price: $970,000/$745 sq ft; partially furnished. More details below photos.

MLS #152751 – Snowmass Villas Townhomes (aka The Blue Roofs), 4000 Brush Creek Road 16, Snowmass Village, CO: Sold Price: $970,000/$745 sq ft; partially furnished. Snowmass Village townhomes for sale. Ask Price: $1,019,000. (Original Price: $1,090,000 and 209 days on the market since 02/22/2018.) This is a 1968 built and 2017 remodeled, 3 bedrooom/2 bath/1 half-bath, 1,301 sq ft condo. Broker comments are “#16 Blue Roofs is a perfectly located three bedroom townhome. It overlooks the pool, hot tub and golf course and is surrounded by towering spruce trees that provide privacy and shade. Nestled in the center of the complex without any road disruptions, it is steps from public transportation, shuttle, school and RFTA. Beautifully remodeled in 2012 with hardwood floors, updated bathrooms, Italian cabinets and appliances. Plus, the exterior siding and the hot tub were upgraded in 2017 with the assessment ($150,000) paid by the Seller. There are 3 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms, and a carport. A perfect, no maintenance alternative to a single family home in the Aspen schools, or a lock and leave second home. Minutes from skiing, only steps from the golf course and bike path. A true value.” 2017 taxes: $3,126; HOA Dues: $729 per Month. Town of Snowmass Village Transfer Tax of approx. 1.0% payable by buyer. Under Contract Date: 10/01/2018; Sold Date: 11/05/2018. (Photos and broker comments courtesy of Aspen Snowmass Sotheby’s International Realty-Snowmass Village)

MLS #152264 – Assay Hill Lodge – The Viceroy Hotel Condos, 130 Wood Road 525, Snowmass Village, CO: Sold Price: $682,500/$745 sq ft; furnished. More details below photos.

MLS #152264 – Assay Hill Lodge – The Viceroy Hotel Condos, 130 Wood Road 525, Snowmass Village, CO: Sold Price: $682,500/$745 sq ft; furnished. Snowmass Village condos for sale. Ask Price: $682,500. (Original Price: $682,500 and 289 days on the market since 01/16/2018.) This is a 2009 built, 1 bedrooom/2 bath, 916 sq ft condo. Broker comments are “Owning an exquisite Viceroy residence provides the luxuries of a resort hotel plus all the comforts of home. In an unsurpassed ski-in/ ski-out location in the new Snowmass Base Village, now coming to life with a $600 million transformation. The Viceroy is showcasing more than $4 million in renovations and expansions. These include the new Toro Latin Kitchen and Lounge, a redesigned main lobby with an ultramodern fireplace, Cafe V, a coffee bar featuring coffee specialties and pastries, and an expanded and enhanced fitness center. This summer, the pool area will be refreshed with two new spa pools and the re-opening of Nest.” 2018 taxes: $5,949; HOA Dues: $24,010 per Yr. Town of Snowmass Village Transfer Tax of approx. 1.0% payable by buyer. Under Contract Date: 09/06/2018; Sold Date: 11/07/2018. (Photos and broker comments courtesy of SV Real Estate)

MLS #151933 – Crestwood Condos, 400 Wood Road G 1313, Snowmass Village, CO: Sold Price: $565,000/$608 sq ft; furnished. More details below photos.

MLS #151933 – Crestwood Condos, 400 Wood Road G 1313, Snowmass Village, CO: Sold Price: $565,000/$608 sq ft; furnished. Snowmass Village condos for sale. Ask Price: $595,000. (Original Price: $629,000 and 323 days on the market since 12/14/2017.) This is a 1970 built and 2008 remodeled, 2 bedrooom/2 bath, 928 sq ft condo. Broker comments are “Great Views, unbeatable location! This top floor 2-bedroom, 2-bathroom corner condo is rated ”Premier” by the management company, consistently garnering high rental occupancies. The condo has an abundance of natural light and views because of the additional windows that the residence enjoys. The kitchen and bathrooms were recently updated with a contemporary concept and a good use of space. The open floor plan and wrap around balcony encourages you to sit and watch the skiers and gondola go by. The 2nd bedroom has a queen bed as well as a twin, for maximizing sleeping capacity. Competitively priced! Chock full of value, and most likely one of the best condo investment opportunities in Snowmass Village.” 2016 taxes: $2,167; HOA Dues: $3,881 per Qtr. Town of Snowmass Village Transfer Tax of approx. 1.0% payable by buyer. Under Contract Date: 10/12/2018; Sold Date: 11/02/2018. (Photos and broker comments courtesy of Romero Group Realty, LLC)

MLS #155876 – Assay Hill Lodge – The Viceroy Hotel Condos, 130 Wood Road 512, Snowmass Village, CO: Sold Price: $472,500/$695 sq ft; furnished. More details below photos.

MLS #155876 – Assay Hill Lodge – – The Viceroy Hotel Condos, 130 Wood Road 512, Snowmass Village, CO: Sold Price: $472,500/$695 sq ft; furnished. Snowmass Village condos for sale. Ask Price: $472,500. (Original Price: $472,500 and 131 days on the market since 03/05/2018.) This is a 2009 built, studio, 679 sq ft condo. Broker comments are “Owning an exquisite Viceroy residence provides the luxuries of a resort hotel plus all the comforts of home. In an unsurpassed ski-in/ ski-out location in the new Snowmass Base Village, now coming to life with a $600 million transformation. The Viceroy is showcasing more than $4 million in renovations and expansions. These include the new Toro Latin Kitchen and Lounge, a redesigned main lobby with an ultramodern fireplace, Cafe V, a coffee bar featuring coffee specialties and pastries, and an expanded and enhanced fitness center. This summer, the pool area will be refreshed with two new spa pools and the re-opening of Nest.” 2017 taxes: $4,124; HOA Dues: $17,853. Town of Snowmass Village Transfer Tax of approx. 1.0% payable by buyer. Under Contract Date: 10/03/2018; Sold Date: 11/02/2018. (Photos and broker comments courtesy of SV Real Estate)

____________________________________________